how many civilians died in ww2

In 1939,Cambodia,Laos, andVietnamwere French colonies organized under a single administrative unit called French Indochina. Hundreds of thousands of ethnic Serbs, along with gypsies and Jews, were murdered by the Axis-aligned Croatian Ustae in Yugoslavia, and retribution-related killings were committed just after the war ended. Learn more about how Statista can support your business. The post-Soviet government of Russia puts the Soviet war losses at 26.6million,[2] on the basis of the 1993 study by the Russian Academy of Sciences, including people dying as a result of effects of the war. The population under 18 was estimated based on the 1959 census. [9][10][11] Russian President Dmitry Medvedev stated in 2009 that more than 2.4million people are still officially considered missing in action, and that of the 9.5million persons buried in mass graves, six million are unidentified. World War II casualties of the Soviet Union - Military Wiki [104] Official estimates by the former republics of the USSR claim military casualties exceeding those of Krivosheev's report by 3.5 times. Others, like theUnited States, saw life at home go on generally uninterrupted--with a few notable exceptions. The figure of 5.0 million military dead was based on information available in 1945 which was published in the USSR during the war. Get HISTORYs most fascinating stories delivered to your inbox three times a week. Krivosheev maintained that the figure of 8.668 million is correct because it excludes called up reservists that were never inducted, men who were duplicated as conscripts because they were conscripted again into the Soviet army and Navy during the war as territories were being liberated and non-combat related causes. As a result, the U.S. Navy was able to rebound relatively quickly from the attack. Krivosheev's group estimated losses for the early part of the war, because from 1941 to 1942 no surrounded or defeated divisions reported their casualties. The Imperial Japanese Army used a variety of such weapons during its invasion and occupation of China and in early conflicts against the Soviets. Plans, directives, orders of the military-political leadership of Nazi Germany for the occupation of the USSR", " - ", " ", " (19441956 . How Many People Died in World War 2? The causes of this event are heavily debated. Kiriosheev does not include the balance of 1,222,000 with the war dead. Known asOperation Barbarossa, this campaign saw the German army split into three main groups. According to Ivlev. Copy. statistic alerts) please log in with your personal account. Between the start of the war in September 1939 and its end in August/September 1945, more than 100 million (and possibly as many as 300 million) combatants entered the fray. Only rough estimates are available for each group. All this resulted in a stalemate that was only broken by the American entry into World War Two and communist guerillas, led byMao Zedong, fighting in the countryside. Documents from the Soviet archives number the total deaths of prisoners in the. I believe I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make very certain that this form of treachery shall never endanger us again.. The following list includes the total estimated casualties for every country involved in the war. Often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, World War II encircled the globe, forcing nearly every country on Earth to align with one of two massive military alliances: the Axis powers, led by Germany, Italy, and Japan; or the Allies, led by Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, France, and China. All Order copies Visit us in Kew Pay for research This is an introductory guide to records of deaths of British and Commonwealth servicemen and women in the First and Second World Wars. The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise, but Japan and the United States had been edging toward war for decades. The Soviet Union lost around 27 million people during the war, including 8.7 million military and 19 million civilian deaths. [2][6][7], The figures published by the Russian Ministry of Defence have been accepted by most historians outside Russia. Krivosheev includes those sent on sick leave, those sent to industry, NKVD or foreign units and 436,600 imprisoned after sentencing. [98] In November 1961 Nikita Khrushchev stated that Soviet war losses were 20million; this was to be the official figure until the Gorbachev era of Glasnost. Nanjing Massacre, conventional Nanking Massacre, also called Rape of Nanjing, (December 1937-January 1938), mass killing and ravaging of Chinese citizens and capitulated soldiers by soldiers of the Japanese Imperial Army after its seizure of Nanjing, China, on December 13, 1937, during the Sino-Japanese War that preceded World War II. About 4,200,000 Germans died, and about 1,972,000 Japanese died. TheBattle of Moscowoccurred from September 1941 to January 1942, during which theRed Armymanaged to push back the Germans from the outskirts of the city--though not without a high human cost. The total death count for all Americans amounted up to 420,000. Most suggest that some 75 million people died in the war, including about 20 million military personnel and 40 million civilians. However, following the fall ofFrancein 1940, the region came under the control of Nazi collaborators. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! On February 19, 1942, Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, interning about 100,000 Japanese living on the West Coast. For the second time, Congress reciprocated, declaring war on the European powers. 7,000,000 Number of Americans lost if 2.5% of the American population died in a war today. How Many Died in the American Civil War? | HISTORY In all, the scale of human losses during World War II was vast. The Soviet Union lost around 27 million people during the war, including 8.7 million military and 19 million civilians. The data listed in the Krivosheev study has been disputed, S. N. Mikhalev put the losses of the combat forces at 10,922,000, Krivosheev's critics maintain that he underestimated the numbers of missing and POWs. Photographs Who's Who in Nazi Germany World War II Operation Torch and the Liberation of North African Jews Persecution American Victims of the Holocaust Concentration Camps Estimated Number of Jews Killed Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust & Nazi Persecution Euthanasia Program Einsatzgruppen Final Solution Forced Labor Ghettos 129 Japanese soldiers were killed. Dyadkin was imprisoned for publishing this study in the west.[140]. The extensive fighting destroyed agricultural land, infrastructure, and whole towns, leaving much of the population homeless and without food. Leader Ion Antonescu was openly anti-Semitic and oversaw countless massacres, pogroms, and deportations of Romanian, Ukrainian, and Moldovan Jews. This answer is: Study guides. Nanjing Massacre | History, Summary & Facts | Britannica Dutch East Indies: 3,000,000 - 4,000,000 has been displayed as 3,500,000). [128] In 1971, the Soviet demographer Boris Urlanis put losses at 20million including 6,074,000 civilians and 3,912,000 prisoners of war killed by Nazi Germany, military dead were put at 10million.[129]. [98][138][139] The Soviet mathematician Iosif G. Dyadkin published a study in the United States that estimated the total Soviet population losses from 1939 to 1945, due to the war and political repression, at 30million. At 8:10, a 1,800-pound bomb smashed through the deck of the battleship USS Arizona and landed in her forward ammunition magazine. How many Soviet citizens died in World War II? - Russia Beyond Often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, World War II encircled the globe, forcing nearly every country on Earth to align with one of two massive military alliances: the Axis powers, led by Germany, Italy, and Japan; or the Allies, led by Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, France, and China. Currently, you are using a shared account. How Many Died in the American Civil War? World War II by country - Wikipedia [98][g] Leonid Brezhnev in 1965 put the Soviet death toll in the war at "more than 20 million"[103] Ivan Konev in a May 1965 Soviet Ministry of Defense press conference stated that Soviet military dead in World War II were 10million. The subsequent occupation lasted for three years, during which many members of the local Indonesian population were tortured, sold into sex slavery, or simply killed. These bombings may be considered war crimes. Enter your email below, and you'll receive this table's data in your inbox momentarily. This occupation saw countless atrocities, perhaps the most notable of which was the famine of 1945, in which at least 400,000 people died. The names of Soviet war dead are presented at the OBD (Central Data Bank) Memorial database online. Maz Alpert/Sputnik The 26,6 million estimate of losses clearly is official (as of now), but far from being the only one. Most notably, theNanjingMassacre occurred from December 1937 to January 1938, in which Japanese soldiers murdered between 40,000 to 300,000 Chinese civilians. facts. 9.0 million civilians killed over age 5 and a deficit of 6.0 million children under age 5 not born during the war or died during the war. Historians do not regard them as being trustworthy.[119]. According to Gareev the Russian government has not disclosed the actual losses in the war. Ukraine tallied the second-highest casualties, with 1,650,000 military deaths and 5,200,000 civilian deaths. Another study, The Demographic History of Russia 19271959, analyzed voters in the February 1946 Soviet election to estimate the surviving population over the age of 18 at the end of the war. Germany incurred the third-most casualties of World War II, with as many as 7.4 million total deaths Also of note is Poland, whose death toll includes an estimated 3.2 million Jewish civilians who died in Nazi concentration and death camps. How Many People Died in Pearl Harbor? They reasoned that without access to money and goods, and especially essential supplies like oil, Japan would have to rein in its expansionism. The study estimated total Soviet war losses of 26.6million. This strategy worked as only days later, Japan surrendered. [109], (F) Armenians estimate their military casualties at over 300,000. At least 1million perished in the wartime GULAG camps or in deportations. The U.S. Civil War was the nation's deadliest conflict, but debate remains over the total estimate of fatalities. Population estimates for mid-1941 range from 191.8 to 200.1million, while the population at the end of 1945 range from 167.0million up to 170.6million. Today thesunken battleship serves as a memorial to all Americans who died in the attack. By comparison, civilian deaths include 29 million to 30.5 million from military and war crimes, plus another 19 million to 28 million due to war-related famine and/or disease. as the result of massive German bombing. This conflict, known as the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), marked the beginning of World War Two's Pacific theater. Profit from the additional features of your individual account. However, different countries experienced different levels of tragedy. ADK maintained that the official results of the 1946 election are not a good source for estimating the population. The war related deaths detailed in Russian sources are as follows. In February 1945, another bombing over Dresden led to at least 22,700 civilian deaths. Hungarians were forced to work for the Soviet Union until 1955. Meanwhile, a former US military leader says he doesn't think . The attack on Pearl Harbor killed 2,403 U.S. personnel, including sailors, soldiers and civilians. Due to these differences, investigating the casualties by country is important, as doing so sheds light on the variety of experiences during the conflict. No one believed that the Japanese would start a war with an attack on the distant islands of Hawaii. Published: February 12, 2020. His critics maintain that he underestimated the number of missing in action and POW deaths[54][55] and deaths of service personnel in rear area hospitals. NKVD & Border Troops -Mikhalev adds these losses to the total because they were not part of the Red Army balance in June 1945. The attack on Pearl Harbor killed 2,403 U.S. personnel, including sailors, soldiers and civilians. Indiadeclared war on Germany in September 1939. Briefly, by way of definitions, casualties include both injuries and deaths, whereas fatalities are just deaths. Krivosheev's study puts Soviet military dead and missing at 8.7 million and is often cited by historians. The Liberation of Bergen-Belsen Concentration: SS female camp guards remove prisoners bodies from lorries and carry them to a mass grave, inside the German Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, 1945, 830px-World_War_II_Casualties2.svg.png., The_Liberation_of_Bergen-belsen_Concentration_Camp,_April_1945_BU4031.jpg., https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II#/media/File:World_War_II_Casualties2.svg, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II#Axis_collapse.2C_Allied_victory_.281944.E2.80.9345.29, https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-worldhistory/. We strive for accuracy and fairness. This page was last edited on 4 June 2023, at 20:21. April 4, 2022. World War II Casualties by Country - World Population Review The bombing was . The statistic of 8.668 million military dead includes only the combat related deaths of the forces in the field units of the Army and Navy[b] and does not include civilian support forces in rear areas, conscripted reservists killed before being listed on active strength, militia units, and Soviet partisan dead, Krivosheev maintained that they should be included with civilian war losses.[36]. [52], Krivosheev's analysis has been disputed by independent scholars in Russia. The single vote against Congress's declaration of war against Japan came from Representative Jeannette Rankin of Montana. Of the 5.7 million Soviet POWs of the Germans, 57 percent died or were killed during the war, a total of 3.6 million. The authors did not dispute Krivoshev's report of 8.7million military dead. He concluded by stating, "We established the number of irreplaceable losses of our Armed Forces at the time of the Great Patriotic War of about 13,850,000. ", "Soviet Jews in the War against Nazi Germany", " : -'300 . The Japanese government believed that the only way to solve its economic and demographic problems was to expand into its neighbors territory and take over its import market. Throughout the entire conflict, French Indochina experienced 1.25 million deaths. About 270,000 of these Javanese laborers were sent to other Japanese-held areas in South East Asia, and only 52,000 were repatriated to Java. Battle of Okinawa | Map, Combatants, Facts, Casualties, & Outcome Also 688,772[131] Soviet citizens who remained in western countries after the war were included with the war losses. The German puppet state, Vichy France, thus gave significant concessions to Japan. Documents from the Extraordinary State Commission prepared in March 1946 not but published until the 1990s listed 6,074,857 civilians killed, 3,912,283 prisoner of war dead, 3,999,796 deaths during German forced labor and 641,803 civilian famine deaths during Siege of Leningrad. In all, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor crippled or destroyed nearly 20 American ships and more than 300 airplanes. Updated: December 6, 2022 | Original: October 29, 2009. In 1931, theJapanese Empire invaded Manchuria, a region in northernChina. Prisoners of War and Civilian Internees. [46][44] Krivoshhev wrote, "According to German sources 673,000 died in captivity. The Japanese plan was simple: Destroy the Pacific Fleet. Three days later, Japans allies Germany and Italy declared war against the United States. Importantly, the Japanese were not solely responsible for the horrors of the war, as when French troops retook the colony in September 1945, there were countless reports of them robbing, raping, and killing Vietnamese civilians. In mid-1941 the USSR hosted 8.3million more females; by 1946 this gap had grown to 22.8million, an increase of 13.5million. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com, Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) - 3,500,000, French Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam) - 1,250,000, halted in the southern city of Stalingrad, atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, These Ancient Archaeological Finds Changed History, 11 Ancient Mysteries Researchers Still Can't Explain, 12 Greatest Archeological Discoveries Ever. and over 1Mio. Many never returned. Yesterday, December 7, 1941a date which will live in infamythe United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan., He went on to say, No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory. Canada had a similar program. 129 Japanese . A compilation made in March 2008 of the individuals listed in the card files put total dead and missing at 14,241,000 (13,271,269 enlisted men and 970,000 officers). The day after the assault, President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan. In his book, Friedrich argues that the. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. Russian sources report 2,164,000 deaths as civilian "forced labor in Germany". Mikhalev maintains that this figure includes personnel who died in hospital of wounds and sickness and the deaths of those convicted of offenses. 994,300, Russian sources list 7.420million civilians killed in the war, including the. They demanded that the Russian government reinvestigate the matter. He pointed out that the reports from the field units did not include deaths in rear area hospitals of wounded and sick personnel. Krivosheev puts the number of Soviet military POW that actually were sent to the camps at 4,059,000. [9] Krivosheev maintained that the database of individual war dead is unreliable because some personnel records are duplicated and others omitted.[36]. Figures do not include an estimated 20million children not born because the war depressed fertility/birth rates. [111], (G) Georgians also estimate their military casualties at over 300,000.
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