what was the basis for the petrine theory

The Petrine Doctrine Flashcards | Quizlet Papal primacy, also known as the primacy of the bishop of Rome, is a Roman Catholic ecclesiological doctrine concerning the respect and authority that is due to the pope from other bishops and their episcopal sees.The doctrine is accepted at a fundamental level by both the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church, though the two disagree on the nature of primacy. [33] While the paucity of explicitly Greek or Roman material culture from the first century certainly serves to caution scholars against making exaggerated claims about the level of Hellenistic influence in Galilee during the lifetime of Peter, it is an argument from silence. [74] The use of scribes is a well-documented phenomenon from the Greco-Roman world in which Peter lived as well as from the New Testament itself. If one examines the context of this statement, however, it is evident that Joseph Smith was giving a sermon based upon what he read in 2 Peter, not 1 Peter. Structural engineers are familiar with seventeenth-century scientist Robert Hooke's theory that a hanging chain will mirror the . The final argument against Petrine authorship that we will consider has to do with 1 Peters possible connection with the Pauline epistles. It is proposed by some scholars that the author of 1 Peter was familiar with and dependent upon a number of Pauls epistles, and therefore the letter is unlikely to have been written by Peter himself. In 1 John the world is the domain of false prophets ( 1 John 4:1 ), is full of lust and pride ( 2:16) and it is the object of the Christian's warfare to overcome it ( 5:4, 5 ). Microeconomics: Basic Concepts and Techniques of Noncooperative Game When Paul was traveling to Jerusalem after his third mission, he stopped at Miletus and he sent to Ephesus, and called the elders of the church (Acts 20:17). The order in which the provinces are listed may reflect the route to be taken by the messenger who delivered the circular letter. [30] The claim is that it is highly unlikely that Peter, a first-century Jew from Galilee, would have been familiar and conversant with this level of sophisticated Greek. Petrine Cross; Petrine ministry, the office of the Pope; Peter the Great, in Russia, as in the Petrine Revolution. Researcher turns one of the basic rules of construction upside down. ed. [80] Cicero, Atticus, 13.25.3. [31] Paul J. Achtemeier, 1 Peter (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1996), 7. For example, early Christian tradition states that the Gospel of Mark actually originated in the testimony of Peter, and the Gospels of Matthew and John contain evidence that suggest they were at least partially dependent upon previously written sources and were compiled through the help of scribes. Readers are instructed to greatly rejoice though they are experiencing heaviness through manifold temptations (1 Peter 1:6). Petrine theory | Apostolic Succession, Primacy of Peter & Papal [78] In one instance among Pauls letters, the scribe actually identifies himself: I Tertius, who wrote this epistle, salute you in the Lord (Romans 16:22). vocabulary. . For example, the author quotes from the books of Leviticus, Isaiah, Psalms, and Proverbs[10] and appeals to the stories of Sarah, Abraham, and Noah. More than one Prophet may well have written parts of books now collected under one heading. The First Epistle of Peter[a] is a book of the New Testament. The Ordo Rituum pro Ministerii Petrini Initio Romae Episcopi was the first official document approved by the Pontiff, on the very day after his election to the Chair of Peter, as can be seen from the rescript ex audentia Summi Pontificis dated 20 April 2005. [7][pageneeded] The social makeup of the addressees of 1 Peter is debatable because some scholars interpret "strangers" (1:1) as Christians longing for their home in heaven, some interpret it as literal "strangers", or as an Old Testament adaptation applied to Christian believers. Emperor Leo III moved the border of the Patriarchate of Constantinople westward and northward in the 8th century. [22] We find further variety in the structure of church hierarchy in Pauls letters as well. For example, in his Epistle to the Philippians, Paul addressed the bishops and deacons (Philippians 1:1) instead of one bishop over the Philippian congregation. see this passage as referring to Jesus, after his death, going to a place (neither heaven nor hell in the ultimate sense) where the souls of pre-Christian people waited for the Gospel. "Imperial Persecution and the Dating of 1 Peter and Revelation". This phenomenon was described by Cicero, a famous Roman statesman from the first century BC, who once lamented to his friend Atticus that he needed to dictate a particular letter to an inexperienced scribe syllable by syllable but that his regular scribe, Tiro, can follow whole sentences.[80], Second, scribes could be used as editors who, depending upon the relationship with the author, might be given more freedom in supplying and correcting the vocabulary and style of the final product. 7. More Writings from the Fathers of the Petrine School Researcher turns one of the basic rules of construction upside down Here's the rub: The Western world spent nearly two thousand years informed by the concept of the divine right of kings, the Roman Catholic Petrine theory of apostolic succession (the idea that the Pope inherited his authority from Peter who Christ, in their opinion, appointed head of the Church), and a more loosely defined idea of perpetual . Alternatively, one theory supporting legitimate Petrine authorship of 1 Peter is the "secretarial hypothesis", . [85] Others, however, argue that 1 Peter does not identify a scribe because the Greek preposition dia (by) is used here to identify the courier of the letter, basically saying that it was delivered to them by means of Silvanus. Elliott sees this as grounds to reject the idea that the epistle refers to official persecution, because the first worldwide persecution of Christians officially meted by Rome did not occur until the persecution initiated by Decius in AD 250. It spread through the west and later appeared in the Apostles' Creed. [93] J. Reuben Clark Jr., On the Way to Immortality and Eternal Life (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1950), 20910. [18], The epistle also reflects a period in the development of church hierarchy consistent with a composition date before AD 64. Second, the use of a scribe, especially a Jewish scribe who had been trained in the Greek version of the scriptures, could help explain the frequent quotations from and the allusions to the Septuagint. [78] On Pauls use of scribes, see E. Randolph Richards, Paul and First-Century Letter Writing: Secretaries, Composition and Collection (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004), 8193. 4 (1999): 64571. Although there is no account of Peter actually visiting those locations in Asia Minor, the book of Acts does indicate that on the day of Pentecost, Peter interacted with Jews out of every nation under heaven (Acts 2:5), including those whose homelands were in Cappadocia, in Pontus, and Asia (Acts 2:9). Cited in Blumell, Scribes and Ancient Letters, 211 and 223 n. 14. The letter makes frequent use of the Old Testament. The New Testament basis for this theory is the special ecclesiological role . n. 21. There are a number of concepts in the letter that are also associated with what we know of Peter from the Gospels and the book of Acts. Papal primacy - Wikipedia [48] Kelly, The Epistles of Peter and of Jude, 31. 1 John 5:19 ). On a particular occasion, a decade after he had been exiled from Rome, Cicero was feeling particularly upset that he had not been able to keep current in his correspondence with others. As Ernest Best has pointed out concerning this characterization of Peter, there is no unwillingness in either case to express himself in new ways.[68] Thus there is no reason why Peter could not rely upon his fellow Apostle Paul for new ideas on how to express gospel concepts. [66] The writer simply may have felt that a reference to Paul would not be meaningful to every recipient of the letter. [45] See Raymond E. Brown, The Gospel According to John (New York: Doubleday, 1966), 1:470, and Francis J. Moloney, The Gospel of John (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1998), 352. Whether or not et-Tell is to be identified with the city, Bethsaida was nevertheless the capital of the territory of Gaulanitis, which encompassed such Jewish strongholds as Gamla, as well as a significant Gentile population. The five areas listed in 1:1 as the geographical location of the first readers were Roman provinces in Asia Minor. [6], However, scholars differ on the nature of persecution inflicted on the addressees of 1 Peter. For instance, there are similarities between 1 Peter and Peter's speeches in the Biblical book of Acts,[14] allusions to several historical sayings of Jesus indicative of eyewitness testimony (e.g., compare Luke 12:35 with 1 Peter 1:13, Matthew 5:16 with 1 Peter 2:12, and Matthew 5:10 with 1 Peter 3:14),[15] and early attestation of Peter's authorship found in 2 Peter (AD 60160)[16] and the letters of Clement (AD 70140),[8] all supporting genuine Petrine origin. [90] William Clayton recorded in his journal: At 10 Prest. [29] Larry R. Helyer, The Life and Witness of Peter (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2012), 109. 4 units. For centuries to come, this specious notion was employed liberally by the Roman Church as the power struggle between Rome and Constantinople continued over the years. In Jerusalem, Peter was faced with the controversy between the Grecians (Acts 6:1), or Greek-speaking Jewish Christians, and the Hebrews. [50] Quoted in Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History 3.39.15; English translation from G. A. Williamson, trans., Eusebius: The History of the Church from Christ to Constantine, rev. Primacy of Peter among the Apostles. On that sacred occasion, the disciples spoke in tongues, Peter addressed the crowds, and they that gladly received his word were baptized: and the same day there were added unto them about three thousand souls (Acts 2:41). John Mark later accompanied Paul and Barnabas on their mission to Cyprus (Acts 12:25; 13:5). This recalls the Sermon on the Mount, where Jesus taught his audience that when people revile and persecute them, they should rejoice, and be exceeding glad (Matthew 5:1112) because of the heavenly reward they will receive and because they are experiencing the same persecutions as the prophets of old. The bishop of Rome had gradually become viewed as the chief patriarch in the Western church. Petrine Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com A third argument against Petrine authorship of 1 Peter centers on the letters supposed lack of references to the teachings and ministry of Jesus. The books of 1 Peter and 2 Peter are quite different with respect to content and style. Of those five areas, we only have evidence that Paul visited Galatia and Asia. Likewise, if it turns out that Silvanus or Mark or some other scribe(s) received instructions from Peter and then wrote down 1 Peter using their own particular vocabulary and style, that does not tarnish the reality that we are not redeemed with corruptible things, as silver and gold, . Admittedly, states Best, there is nothing which enforces such a connection, but on the other hand, there is certainly nothing to be detected which is contrary to it.[73] There is, however, one final issue that can give much insight into the authorship of 1 Peter. [12] Pope Leo I was a significant contributor to the centralisation of spiritual authority within the church and in reaffirming papal authority. [39] Arthur Segal and Michael Eisenberg, Sussita-Hippos of the Decapolis: Town Planning and Architecture of a Roman-Byzantine City, Near Eastern Archaeology 70, no. Most theologians believe the "rock" of which Christ spoke is Peter himself. The basic authority of the Church over the Pauline Privilege can be traced to Scripture though many centuries were required for the exercise of this authority to take its present form; the power . We will discuss the most important ones below. Exhortations to live blameless lives (2:15; 3:9, 13, 16) may suggest that the Christian addressees were accused of immoral behavior, and exhortations to civil obedience (2:1317) perhaps imply that they were accused of disloyalty to governing powers.
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